The System Of Sex Education Essay - 1034 Words

Joshua Deselles English 1015-106 Mrs. Fleming 12/2/16 The System of Sex Education Abstinence education should be a part of sex education in schools because it is the best way to avoid the risks of unsafe sex. Children are only taught how to have sex, and they believe the pullout method is effective. Some children are not ready for sex, but they do it anyway because they are not told to wait. Abstinence should be taught as part of sex education because sexual transmitted disease, teen pregnancy, and abortion rates would decrease. Sex education in schools teach children about safe sex and contraceptive methods for teen girls. Teens learn about sex in school, and they believe it is safe to have sex if they use condoms. Sex is safer with condoms, but teens don’t realize they can be at risk for sexually transmitted diseases if the condom fail. Teens are not aware of all the ways they can get STDs. â€Å"Annually, 3 million teenagers contract STDs; STDs afflict roughly one in four teens who are sexually active† (Rector). Teens can contact STDs by oral, anal, and vaginal sex, but teens believe oral sex is safe. Children have oral sex and contract STDs because they oral sex is safe. Most males refuse to wear condoms because they take the feeling away. In high school, children are more mature and less likely to engage in sexual activity because others are doing it. Middle school children are immature, and they think it is funny to learn about sex; sex education class makes themShow MoreRelatedThe Curren t System Of Sex Education1308 Words   |  6 PagesIt is clear that the current system of sex education that California provides for its minors is inadequate. Presently, California’s education model includes instruction on STDs and the prevention of their contraction, contraception, or methods of preventing pregnancy, and the option to abandon one’s child after the mother gives birth (California Department of Education). Said topics are certainly of import to the general population, and should therefore not be rejected altogether, but the list isRead MoreAmerica s Sex Education System1292 Words   |  6 Pageswho wants to change the sex education system in Lubbox. Lubbox is a town that has the highest teen pregnancy and STI rates in the country. Lubbox teaches abstinence only sex education which is clearly not working. Shelby tried to convince the school and others to teach kids a comprehensive sex education. Lubbox is a very conservative and Christian town which means that most people believe that sex is only something for straight married couples. Abstinence only sex education in schools follows theseRead MoreInfluence Of The On Sex Education1058 Words   |  5 Pagesabout sex is regarded as taboo and removed from the public (Steinfeld, 2014). Even homosexuality was considered as a crime until 1997 and a mental illness until 2001. Culture influences China was culturally influenced by Confucius. There is one saying that goes: â€Å"Lust is the worst of all wicked things; Filial piety is the best of all good things (Steinfeld, 2014).† According to Steinfeld’s (2014) opinion, Chinese tend to discuss sex more privately and schools focused more on exams than sex educationsRead MoreThe Positives and Negatives Aspects of Single-Sex Schooling and Mixed-Sex Schooling903 Words   |  4 Pagesthe single sex and mixed schools’ issue has been discussed and debated in the UK more than in any country in the world. In the last four decades, in Great Britain, the total number of single-sex schools has reduced steeply. However, demand for single sex education for some courses is rising recently(Archer,2004,P.50). This essay will investigate whether coeducational schools are better than single sex schools or not. There are a number of advantages to both single-sex and mixed-sex schools butRead MoreSexual Education in Public Schools760 Words   |  3 PagesSexual education has long been a topic of debate among many different in our American society.  The public schools system offers sexual education or sex ed to all students, and offer parents the option to exclude their children from these class rooms.  Discussions to making these classes mandatory has drawn some positive supports and negative supports in the forum disputes of sex education topic.  Due to the high number of teen pregnancies (As of 2012, the teen birth rate was 29 births per 1,000 teenRead MoreSingle Sex Classrooms Helps Increase Self Esteem973 Words   |  4 PagesSingle Sex Education is considered to be a teaching system that has been implemented in schools all over world, from long ago and little still today. That means that girls and boys are instructed in separate schools or classrooms. How does single-sex educati on benefits students? That is the question that some parents make themselves when their sons enter school. Researches demonstrate that single sex classrooms helps increase self esteem; offer an environment that students feel more confortable inRead MoreThe Ethical Principles Of Support Contraception1232 Words   |  5 Pagesgreater good. The education system is trying to aid the student who are sexually active by educating the minors. Young adults are targeted because of reasons like peer pressure and hormonal changes. It is helpful that the education system was able to notice that the students need help at such a young age especially when for some, turning to their parents or family members is not an option. The ethical principle of nonmaleficence is important and plays a key role because the education system is not tryingRead MoreThe Problem Of Single Sex School Essay963 Words   |  4 PagesSingle-sex school From the beginning, God has created Adam and Eve and made them live together this was an important lesson for the people, to learn how to live together in an equal and fair society. Nowadays, many people do not prefer this method. Also, there are many problems that can hinder them to lead a happy life. Many parents face a big problem to choose a school for their children because of the huge number of types of school. Those types can vary from private, governmental, single-sexRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Taught?1269 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Teaching only about abstinence is like teaching ‘a driver s education course in which teachers show students grisly photos of traffic accidents but never tell them to stop at red lights or buckle their seat belts’ (Wagle). Sex education is often a hot topic of debate within the States, where high school teens often receive some form of sexual education. However, the quality of this information varies from state to state a nd even district to district. Although there are many different definitionsRead MoreSingle sex schools or Coed schools1395 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Single sex schools have many benefits and are as equally good as coeducation schools. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Single Sex Schools or Coeducation Schools It is a controversial topic that between single sex schools and mixed schools has been ongoing for a long time. Some people think sex-segregated schools have similar impact on juvenile’s achievement as coeducational schools. This essay will explain why I disagree with this statement. In my perspective, although

Whispered Argumentative Essay Topics Course Hero English Writing Secrets

Whispered Argumentative Essay Topics Course Hero English Writing Secrets What You Can Do About Argumentative Essay Topics Course Hero English Writing Starting in the Next 20 Minutes Following is a superb collection of 100 essay topics. Your topic ought to have the potential to provide you enough arguments for your essay. Arguments always occur in a particular context. Essays could be literary or non-literary. Argumentative essay is one of the so several sorts of essay topics in which you'll be asked to disagree and have a stand. Argumentative essays utilize logic, facts, and reasoning to learn the victor. Essay outline is a skeletal outline that gives a platform on which you'll be able to construct your own writing and produce your own thoughts. Essay topics in English can be hard to produce. Essays have a high status in the academic world. Narrative essays naturally do the job nicely with the descriptive fashion of essay writing. The New Angle On Argumentative Essay Topics Course Hero English Writing Just Released Lay out the order you're going to be following before the game starts, hence the students know also. You can be totally sure your paper is going to be delivered in time and be of the maximum quality. Today, essays are frequently used by many well-known campuses to appraise prospective students as a foundation for assessing whether students can qualify to get educated with certain standards. If you aiming a great score and stick out in your class, you can practice on the range of essay outlines available on our primary site. The Advantages of Argumentative Essay Topi cs Course Hero English Writing Just like there are various varieties of essay writing, there are various types of outlines available for it too. The very best thing about Essay is it is possible to use any sort of language formal or informal. One of the greatest things you can do in order to make sure that you're prepared to take the Praxis writing test is to practice writing essays. It is preferable to use templates since they include all necessary formatting elements. Getting the Best Argumentative Essay Topics Course Hero English Writing Among the very best custom essay writing services is here to assist you, as we're well conscious of how you can't do everything at the same time, and it's a standard thing whenever there are simply too many things happening at the exact same moment. The task will need a lot of time and attention from your side so be prepared to devote some time hunting for facts that will support your stance. The very first thing you ought to do is to loc ate a topic. When you have decided the use of the paper, it's time to spot your audience. While you might not get the possibility of attempting all of them, select the field which interests you, choose any topic and get started writing. Actually, the research will take plenty of time and effort, but don't worry if you're unable to devote time hunting for information, just ask us for assistance. Following that, you must identify the use of the topic. With our help, you're bound to be successful. You should incorporate introduction in the very first section employing an attentiongrabbing opening linked to your topic. After the overview section, next section should incorporate background and history of the issue that should be explored. When choosing an issue to argue, you should pick a topic that has more than 1 side. The next portion of your intro is devoted to offering some in depth background information on your topic. The second thing which you should take care of once you choose the title is to maintain in mind five kinds of argument claims. For instance, there is not any way it is possible to argue on this issue of whether humans walk on two legs because it is a known fact with no attached debate. You'll certainly lose the argument if nobody would like to read your essay. A superb argument demands using logic and irrefutable evidence.

Masters of science in nursing free essay sample

Which resources in the Tutorials Guides section of the Center for Writing Excellence offer tips about how to format using APA style according to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th edition)? Use the following information to correctly build a reference consistent with APA guidelines: Journal title: Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management Article title: Private Finance Initiative in the Healthcare Sector: trends and risk assessment Volume:12 Year of Publication: 2005 Number: 6 Page range of article: 601 616 Authors: Akintola Akintoye, Ezekiel Chinyio Reference any book you have available. Use the proper APA formatting to reference your book. Examples and help can be found in the Library tab under Useful Links on the right side. What are the five icon headings available in the Grammar and Writing Guides section of the Center for Writing Excellence? a. Locate the definitions of active and passive voice using the Writing Style resources in the Grammar and Writing Guide. We will write a custom essay sample on Masters of science in nursing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Identify which of the following sentences is written in the active voice and which is written in passive voice. a.Some of the content of this document was submitted by Mary. b.Mary submitted some of the content of this document. Define plagiarism in your own words. Explain the difference between summarizing, paraphrasing, and plagiarizing. Use the Plagiarism resources in the Grammar and Writing Guides to assist you. How will you avoid plagiarism and self-plagiarism in your college work? Explain your answers in at least 100 words. Using commas and semicolons, add the correct punctuation to the following sentences: a. Karen is a knowledgeable intelligent person. b. Roger left the bookstore he met the learning team at the coffee shop. University Library Identify Three Resources found in the University Library that are relevant to your field of study. Explain how you will use these resources during your program? a. b. c. Where is the University Library Handbook located, and what is its last copyright date? List the six mandatory fields that you need to complete when asking a question of the University Library librarian. a. Course Information How do you access weekly reading assignments for this course? 14. Discussions: a. How would you post a discussion? b. How would you respond to a classmate’s discussion? c. How do you post a private message? 15 How do you locate the learning activities due in the current week and how do you know if you have completed them? Learning Teams What six documents are contained in the Toolkit Essentials section of the Learning Team Toolkit found in the University Library? a. 17 After reading the â€Å"Decision/Conflict Resolution† section of the Learning Team Toolkit, how would you attempt to resolve a conflict within your team when opposing viewpoints exist? Explain your answer in 50 to 100 words. Student Services 18 What is the phone number for University of Phoenix Student Technical Support? Hint. Use the Help button in the top-right corner of the page and select the Knowledgebase portal. .19 Where on the student website would you go to change your personal contact information and manage privacy settings? Hint. Use a tab at the top of the page. .20 On the student homepage, locate the Schedule and Grades link (left side of the page), click it, and list the three headings that are found there.

Shylocks First Scene Essays (330 words) - Literature, Orientalism

Shylock's First Scene Shylocks First Scene Shylocks first scene in The Merchant of Venice is important because it sets the tone for the audiences view of him throughout the play. I have never seen the play performed, but it has been my experience that an audience will form an opinion of a character upon first seeing them. There are many different ways of portraying Shylock in his first scene. I will be focussing on portraying Shylock as a villain. I understand that his role is villainous, but various actors and directors have actually portrayed him differently. I like to think of my way, as the way Shakespeare himself would have done it. During a production of Merchant the audience will see Shylock before they hear him, so I will start with his appearance. Shylock first appears in Act 1, Scene 3. He needs to be an old man stricken in years, but only in the face. It should be a little wrinkled, and his hair ought to be gray. It is important that in his first scene Shylock stands up straight and appears strong and confident. Shylock shall lose this confidence and posture by the end of my production, but for this scene he must be on the verge of arrogance. He should be outfitted in a Jewish garbadine, a garment of rich material but a dull shade and it must fit him well. This will give the appearance that he is rich, but not trying to brag about it. It is important to note here that Bassanio must appear in mild dress. He should not depict a commoner, but at the same time not be wearing anything flashy, this will add to the grandeur of Shylocks clothing. I would also have Shylock and Bassanio walk about the rear of the st age and appear to be speaking to each other. That way the audience will be able to begin forming their opinion before hearing Shylock speak. English Essays

All About Steriods

All About Steriods Free Online Research Papers When we think of steroids pro body builders such as Arnold Schwarzenegger and many pro athletes usually come to mind. This is due to the negative media that has been portrayed. But what do we mean when we say steroids? Steroid by definition is a â€Å"general class of chemical substances that are structurally related to one another and share the same chemical skeleton† (Steroids). So any â€Å"hormones, body constituents, and drugs† (Steroids) can be classified as a steroid. â€Å"For example, steroids may refer to the corticosteroid drugs such as prednisone used to reduce swelling, pain, and other symptoms of inflammation. Vitamin D is a steroid†¦ one that is necessary [for] normal health. The male hormone testosterone and its derivatives are steroids with anabolic effects that can be used medically (or illicitly) to build up muscle mass† (Steroids). So when it comes down to what a steroid really is, why has it received such a bad name? The negativity primarily comes from the type of anabolic steroid which many of the pro athletes use. But even though there have been many negative aspects of steroid use such as increased anger and aggression, fatality when mixed with other drugs, and medical problems, steroids do have many positive aspects like helping people live with terminal illness, help maintain a better way of life, and provide an alternative to abortion, which is why steroids should not be illegal, because it helps to provide a better way of living. First of all, steroids can cause an increase in anger and aggression. This aggression can come form any form of hormone steroid but is mainly found with use of anabolic steroids. This aggression, normally referred to as roid rage, is one of the leading causes that people look down on steroid use. It sometimes causes the person to behave in a manner that can be illegal or disruptive in such a way that can quickly ruin a life. Teens especially when on steroids have be said to have a higher risk to act out in disruptive manner do to the already fluctuation of hormones in the body. The worst thing that can happen is the harm of family and loved ones. This was true with the professional wrestler Chris Benoit. Wilkes states that â€Å"[y]ou can feel it coming on but theres nothing you can do about it. The next thing you know, a minor argument has gone into a full-fledged rage, when youve got your hands around somebodys neck. Youre in a fight and doing things you wouldnt normally do† (qut. in â€Å"Roid Rage†). This is what the news reporter thinks was the cause of the murder of Nancy and Daniel Benoit. The once loving father and husband burst into a fit of roid rage and quickly took the lives of two loved ones then him self. Also, steroids can be fatal when mixed with other drugs. Weather these other drugs are prescription or the use of other steroids; it can lead to increased side affects of steroids like mood swings. The most common occurrence is the consumption of alcohol with the use of steroids. This has a tremendous negative affect on the body and the liver. This happens when the â€Å"oral [anabolic] steroids are activated through the first pass [through] the human liver, then filtered through the blood stream to nourish the muscular tissue. [T]his breaking down process is roughly equivalent to consuming a 6 pack of light beer first thing in the morning, daily, on your liver† (â€Å"How dose Alcohol Affect Steroid Use†). If you then drink a six pack then the damage on the liver is twice as harsh. But this is just an example of what it could do to your liver. Another negative affect, steroid users are more at risk for medical problems. One of the most promanate health problems is liver health and function. Steroid use can cause liver damage as great as drinking a six pack of beer daily. Also people who use steroids are at a higher risk of getting tumors in the liver. Researchers have also seen â€Å"[i]n clinical trials, treatment with anabolic steroids resulted in a decreased hepatic excretory function†¦Hepatic peliosis is a hemorrhagic cystic degeneration of the liver Rupture of a cyst may lead to fatal bleeding† (Kuipers). What makes it so hard to detect is due to â€Å"peliosis [hepatic] and liver tumors do not always result in abnormalities in the blood variables that are generally used to measure liver function† (Kuipers). This is such a risk due to there being no positive way to test for liver damage or tumors. Other health problems such as sterilization of both mail and female user and heart failure have been r eported. Not everything about steroid is negative; in fact there are many positive aspects of steroid use. First of all, people living with HIV/AIDS and other terminal illnesses can have a better more prolonged life. â€Å"A few years after his HIV diagnosis, Nelson Vergel began wasting away. No matter how much he ate, no matter how many protein shakes he added to his diet, no matter how much iron he pumped, the chemical engineer could not regain 25 pounds the virus had stripped from his 5-foot-7 frame. He watched as dozens of HIV-infected friends progressively lost body fat and muscle and, ultimately, their lives† (Niedowski). When the body is infected with HIV the muscle and tissue dwindle away. No matter what one dose to reverse it, it seems like a lost cause. Researchers on HIV patients who took steroids saw that â€Å"[n]ot only do they help rebuild muscle, they make you feel better† (Niedowski). So instead of giving up and waiting for it to be their turn patients can livi ng with HIV can now give living a fighting chance. Also, it can help maintain a better way of life while dealing with body injuries. Weather a person is trying to hold off having surgery or trying to avoid having surgery to fix an injury; the easier less painful option is getting a cortisone shot. Cortisone shots provide an alternative to dealing with the pain or having surgery to fix the problem. Cortisone is a type of steroid that your body naturally produces and has been synthetically reproduced to have the same affects that comes from our natural cortisone our body produces. When injected into the affected area cortisone helps to relive pain, swelling, and inflammation of the injured area. This is a positive thing because surgery is now not the only option for dealing with an injury. Weather trying to prolong having surgery till it is covenant or trying to avoid it altogether, cortisone shorts now make it easier to decide what the best option is without having to live with the pain or rush into surgery. Finally, the birth control is another positive steroid. Just like many of the other different steroids birth control is just another form of hormone that is naturally produced by the body and made into a synthetic form. Birth control pills â€Å"conta[in] a combination of the hormones estrogen and progesterone to prevent ovulation† (â€Å"Birth Control Pill†). The birth control pill is one of the leading forms of birth control. It has positively helped in reducing the amount of unplanned pregnancies in this country alone. It seems that teen pregnancies are becoming more and more recurring. This is due to the lack of use of birth control. Teens need to know the benefits and what birth control really is in order to prevent unwanted pregnancies. Other positive affect of taking birth control are that it lowers the chance of mood swings and PMS symptoms. Birth control also helps to regulate irregular periods. In conclusion, steroids like most things have many positive and negative affects. It is easy to see why steroid use is seen so negatively. But with what steroids can do for people out weighs the negative side affects. Because what researchers do not tell you is that with the anger and aggression it only affects people who already have a more aggressive attitude. What most people do not know is that many of the negative symptoms of steroid use can be reversed by other steroids or disappear when the steroid use has stopped. Tobacco and alcohol are still the top leading causes for deaths in America. Steroids, low on the list, are rarely the solo reason found for death. Most of the time other drugs, illegal or prescribed, were also a contributing factor to death. So why have steroids received such a bad name? It is due to the lack of knowledge about steroids and the negative figure pointing of the media that has ruined the name. Yes with every positive there is a negative, but what stero ids can help achieve is much greater than the negative side affects it has produced. Work Cited â€Å"Birth Control Pill.† N.D. 2 November 2010. http://kidshealth.org/teens/sexual_health. â€Å"How dose Alcohol Affect Steroid Use.† N.D. 1 November 2010. Anwsers.com Kuipers, H. â€Å"Anabolic Steroids: Side Effects.† Sports Medicine and Science. 7 March 1998. 2 November 2010. http://sportsci.org. Niedowski, Erika. â€Å"For Some, Steroid Use Builds Hope.† 20 February 2005. 2 November 2010. ergogenics.org/vergel.html â€Å"Roid Rage Questions Surrounding Benoit Murder-Suicide.† CNN. 27 June 2007. 1 November 2010. http://articals.cnn.com , Steroid. â€Å"Definition of Steroid†. Medterms Medical Dictionary. 12 September 2004. Web. 1 November 2010 medterms.com Research Papers on All About SteriodsThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseCapital PunishmentEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Moral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementHip-Hop is Art

Your Guide to Selling Trees in an Urban Yard

Your Guide to Selling Trees in an Urban Yard Although you may be able to market and sell your yard trees, you still have to attract a local timber buyer with trees that get a higher market value. Trees like grade oak, black walnut, paulownia, black cherry, or any other high-value tree in your area are mandatory for a buyer to be interested enough to make an offer. Remember this key requirement: in order for a timber buyer to be interested in purchasing a yard tree(s), the tree or trees must have value with sufficient volume to exceed the purchase cost. There has to be value to offset costs to the timber buyer to bring equipment (log truck, skidder, and loader) to the property, cut the log, haul the log(s) to a mill, pay the landowner for the tree(s) and still make a profit off the end product. Just that simple. Woods-Grown Trees Are More Valuable As a general rule, woods-grown trees are more valuable than trees grown in a yard in terms of hard dollar economics. They have the advantage of access without property damage, easier equipment operating conditions, and there are usually more trees. This will typically yield more volume and a better economic situation for the timber buyer. Remember that in many cases, a yard tree has important non-timber values through the life of the tree, which includes energy savings, air quality improvement, water runoff reduction, and increased property value, to name a few. Problems With a Yard Tree Sale Yard trees that are open grown tend to have grade-lowering short boles and large, limb-laden crowns. They are also subjected to negative human pressures. Yard trees can have nails affixed to their boles, mower and weed whip damage to the base of the tree, and wire fences and clotheslines attached. They are less resistant to natural elements, such as wind or lightning damage (which can cause defects). Often, a yard tree is difficult to get to. There may be structures, power lines, and other obstacles in the way that would hamper cutting and removal. Attracting a Yard Tree Buyer Even though selling a tree in your yard is not an easy thing to do, it is not impossible. Try some excellent tips from the Indiana Department of Forestry to improve your chances of selling a tree in your yard: Know the tree species. Consult a tree identification book to identify the tree or check with your county forester. You will have a better chance of selling if it is a valuable species in your area. It is also good to have more than one tree.Know the trees circumference. Bigger trees mean more volume and will have a better chance of attracting a buyer. Measure with a household tape and convert inches to Diameter at breast height (DBH). To do this, measure the circumference and divide by pi (3.1416). Measure the tree at 4.5 feet (DBH) above the ground.Know the height of the tree. With a yardstick, pace 50 feet on a parallel plane. Hold the stick 25 inches out and parallel to the tree. Every inch represents 2 feet of height.Know if the location of the tree is one that large, heavy tree harvesting equipment can get to. What structures and infrastructure are in the path of the trees removal? Is there a septic system, structures, other trees and plants, power lines, underground pipes? Woul d it be expensive (or even possible) to transport and run harvesting equipment onto your property? Finding a Yard Tree Buyer Some states only allow licensed timber buyers to buy trees. Other states have logging associations who can help you and every state has a forestry department or agency. These departments of forestry have lists of potential timber buyers who are often interested in purchasing excellent-quality yard trees. Whenever possible, use multiple bids with a winning contract. Sources Growing Walnut for Profit and Pleasure. Walnut Council, Inc., American Walnut Manufacturers Association, 1980, Zionsville, IN. Timber Buyers, Their Agents, and Timber Growers. Article 14, Appendix B, Indiana Department of Natural Resources, May 27, 1997.

Responding to the Learner in a Differentiated Lesson Assignment

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Effects of National Culture on Accounting Rule Application Essay

Effects of National Culture on Accounting Rule Application - Essay Example The study will randomly select Certified Public Accountants from eight states to measure contingent liabilities and contingent assets recognition and disclosure decisions. The study will use an analysis of variance to compare the group average to determine if there are any statistically significant differences between the variables. The proposed study has both a theoretical and practical implication. The study will attempt to validate Tsakumis’ survey that applied Gray’s accounting theory with respect to conservatism and secrecy. From a practical application, the study may identify variables that influence an accountant’s disclosure decisions that could lead to improving information reporting between manager and other stakeholders. The cross-border dynamics of the global economy has consistently required businesses to conduct trade across international lines in order to remain or become competitive. In each host country, the authorities require multinational firm s to submit financial statements that adhere to the host nation’s Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). However, cultural differences have resulted in accountants exercising a degree of caution relative to adopting new accounting GAAP. The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) has developed International Accounting Standards (IAS) and, in particular, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). These standards are intended to produce uniformity in financial information reports for all multinational firms globally. In the U.S., the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) has mandated that all publicly traded firms in the U. S. adopt the IAS by 2016.

The Indian Economy Essay Example for Free

The Indian Economy Essay 1. Introduction This paper will highlight economic issues facing the Indian Government and its ability to maintain high levels of growth by outlining the current conditions of the economy. Policy dilemmas and logic to address these dilemmas will be explored. Analysis of key indicators and statistics as well historical reference and the theory behind their execution will underlay chosen policies which will be followed by a brief conclusion. 2. The Indian Economy The Indian Economy is listed as the fifth largest in the world at . 538 trillion US (CIA 2010) and has been able to continue high GDP growth despite the Global Financial Crisis. The country has also moved along a steady path of economic reform and liberalisation since 1990 including privatisation and foreign investment. India is a ‘planned’ economy which follows a series of targets for each five year period, the Eleventh Five-Year plan (Planning Commission (Government of India) 2007) ending in 2012 aimed to increase and maintain growth at 10% (to double by 2017), create new employment for 70 million people, raise real wages for unskilled workers and consider education and infrastructure. The next five year plan needs to consider economic factors below that may restrict the high levels of growth. There is also an emergence of a two-speed economy emanating between the service sectors employed middle and high income earners with those in agriculture and manufacturing (FitzGerald 2011). Figure 2.1 (TradingEconomics.com 2011) Figure 2.1 shows India’s strong trend for growth since 2002 and despite a small decrease in growth rate following the Global Financial Crisis in 2008, a major policy issue therefore is maintaining strong economic prosperity. The government has to consider several factors that are a risk to this aim such as a large budget deficit, high inflation and unemployment, all shown in figure 2.2. | Percentage| | Government Debt| 55.9| of GDP| Inflation| 11.7| Increase per Year| Unemployment| 10.8| of Labour Force| Figure 2.2 Key Indicators 2010 (CIA 2010) Sustainable growth can be achieved by the Indian Government if it can address these issues both in the short and long term. Therefore the focus is to  consider reducing and stabilising inflation, restructure and increase employment and return the budget to surplus. Debt The current Government Debt in India is around 60% of GDP (TradingEconomics.com 2011; CIA 2010) which puts debt near $1 trillion US. This is an important consideration as it affects the ability of government to embark on public spending necessary to address improvements in infrastructure, education and manufacturing which can help maintain the high growth levels in the long run. High debt and exchange rates can also affect foreign investment which is rich in the services sector, attributing 55.3% of GDP and only 34% of the Labour market (The World Bank 2009; CIA 2010), a focus on improving education and shifting employment into the services sector therefore becomes an important direction for both reduction of unemployment and maintaining supply of labour. Wage prices would be kept at a competitive level compared with other outsourcing countries and overall GDP levels. Debt can also create a lower credit rating and the ability to pay back loans, defaulting on a loan can have widespread negative implications to sustaining growth in the economy. Inflation Inflation is the reduction in the value of money and is 11.7% in India(CIA 2010). High Inflation is a concern because it breads uncertainty in the economy for business, consumers and other investors. This is explained as money being the scale by which an economy can be measured, if the metric of the measurement is uncertain different ideas are formed about how and where money is spent or even if it is spent at all. It also affects the distribution of money across society which is an economic concern in India, high levels of inflation are notable in Food, Manufacturing Prices and Fuel(BBC 2011). Unemployment Unemployment estimates in 2010 of around 10% (TradingEconomics.com 2011; CIA 2010) become an important policy consideration. Indirectly the economy is burdened with the costs such as health and crime however more direct issues include social welfare, loss of production and therefore taxable income. India has one of the world’s largest labour forces of around 480 million (CIA 2010) full employment would assist the ability to match aggregate  demand increases with aggregate supply in the long terms. India could continue growth and manage sustainable inflation in the long term to reach the potential GDP levels. Figure 2.3 shows the overall break down of employment sector with its contribution to GDP. | % Labour Force| % GDP| Agriculture| 52| 16.1| Industry| 14| 28.6| Services| 34| 53.3| Figure 2.3 Economic Sectors Labour/GDP (The World Bank 2009) The policy consideration for Government should be to increase the efficiency of the agriculture sector and move employment into the Industry and Services sector in the long run, including a focus on self-employment which is becoming an unattractive option for younger generations (AZAD India Foundation 2010). 3. Policy Direction Policy recommendations for the Government of India have one overall aim, to maintain strong growth. Three major economic conditions for this focus on, reduction of Government Debt, stability of inflation and addressing high unemployment. 4.1 Monetary Policy Monetary Policy has recently been engaged by the Central Bank and Government in a contractionary manor in an attempt to slow down the inflation growth that has been gripping India. The long term effect of increase to interest rates is to reduce aggregate demand. Figure 3.1 highlights an inflationary hike trend since 2008 which peaked in January 2010. Figure 3.1 India Inflation (TradingEconomics.com 2011) Identifying the cause of inflation is a primary agenda before deciding how effective Monetary will be. While India is experiencing increased AD, interest rates are aligned to but not an overall effect of price increases and in the long run reduce the sustained high growth levels. As seen in Figure 3.2, Interest rate increases are not correlating directly with long term inflationary decreases. Figure 3.3 Interest Rates (TradingEconomics.com 2011) There are three cost-push inflation causes that could explain the peaks and sustained recent high inflation levels of around 11% (CIA 2010). Brent Crude Oil Index Oil is a highly utilised commodity for India and its price can directly affect aggregate supply figure 3.2 Shows a correlation to hikes in Oil price compared with inflation. In January 2008 oil prices began to climb however as the GFC began to take hold, global demand for reduced and prices fell. As India was maintaining strong local Aggregate Demand however inflation was still high. Figure 3.3 Brent Crude Oil (TradingEconomics.com 2011) Domestic Food and Manufacturing Prices Secondary inflation hikes noticed in 2010 do not directly correlate to oil prices. During a poor Food harvest in 2009 as a result of a poor monsoon season (The Economic Times 2009) compounded by international food supply contractions and price rises in the manufacturing sector (BBC 2011) supply side shocks and marginal rise in oil prices can attribute to high inflationary levels. The effects of the supply shocks would be noted in the shift from AS1 to AS2 with prices rising in the short term. However as India GDP has continued to increase year on year, this can only be explained by an increase in Aggregate Demand from AD1 to AD2 shown in Figure 3.3 of a dynamic AS/AD model for India. Point C is India’s potential GDP in 2009 and Point D for 2010, the economic policy should be aimed towards reaching these targets. Monetary policy, in the short run would assist the reduction of AD to curve inflation however to reach LRAS2, other policies must be considered. Interest rate rises should be put on hold and decreased if the economy can recover from supply shocks allowing AS/AD to shift towards potential GDP. Figure 3.3 Dynamic AS/AD for India (figures from (TradingEconomics.com 2011))(McTaggart, Findlay, and Parkin 2010; Hubbard et al. 2011; Misistry of Statistics and Progamme Implementation 2011) 4.2 Fiscal Policy Understanding the complexities of the supply side issues for India is a must for Government to address long term inflation and employment. Investment in agriculture, manufacturing and infrastructure will most likely form the basis of the Twelfth Five-Year plan (2point6billion.com 2011). Agriculture can increase and sustain output by advancements in farming practise and technology which is also true of the manufacturing sector. In order for the government investment not to compound Aggregate Demand and multiply into further inflation, taxation of the middle and higher income tax brackets is an option. Already highlighted is the disparity between the size of each sector and the share of its GDP, these expenditures would therefore shift demand from the higher earning service sector into agriculture and industry, with a positive knock on effect of an increase in employment in these areas. | % Labour Force| % GDP| Agriculture| 52| 16.1| Industry| 14| 28.6| Services| 34| 53.3| Figure 3.4 Economic Sectors Labour/GDP (The World Bank 2009) Investment in education, fundable by higher taxation levels can also be aimed to assist the long term shift away from agriculture and into the industry and services sector. Infrastructure is also a key investment consideration to reduce costs of production to all sectors of the economy and sustain ever increasing energy needs. This is also required to avoid the widening of the ‘two-speed’ economy and should be avoided as not to become reliant on one sector of the economy, addressing the balance and disparity can help create a diverse, shock absorbent Indian future. Why would this help stabilise inflation and reduce unemployment? * Cost push inflation and supply side shock impacts would be reduced in the long term * Investment in agricultural and manufacturing practice would allow for a closer match of Aggregate Supply with Aggregate demand * Shifting employment from Agriculture into Industry and Services sector would reduce unemployment * Long term government can divert funds from unemployment resource and taxation into reduction of the Government Debt 4.3 Exchange Rate – Exports and Imports The balance of trade is in deficit of 7.2% (see figure 3.5) however this may not be a major issue for the economic growth of India. The difficulty in policy decision remains the valuation of the Rupee and its impact on a number of variables. High rupee value impacts exports and is approximately 44.6 rupee to $1 US; a primary focus area is industry which could become a viable source of employment for the 10.8% of people not in work. Continuing to increase interest rates will have two impacts; direct foreign investment will be more attractive. Such things as new iron ore and petroleum mining ventures would become possible, however if the Rupee value is too high the export of this and other exportable goods becomes less attractive. Figure 3.5 Components of GDP as a Percentage (Misistry of Statistics and Progamme Implementation 2011) Focused on the aim of sustained high growth, export of services is only 6.6% of GDP however as the Services sector accounts for 55% of industry composition and consumption accounts for 58.3% of GDP, decrease of the ability to export services would reduce private consumption, a direct impact on growth. Export of Goods would also increase if the Rupee were to weaken and address the balance of trade. The government is strongly advised to allow mining and large manufacturing projects to begin and allow the export of these commodities to economies like China. Comparative cost of labour and production would give India a very competitive selling price in the global market and shift employment from agriculture (and the unemployed) into the manufacturing industry. 4. Conclusion The economy of India is very strong in the current global climate of uncertainty and the challenge for the Government is to maintain that level of growth. Managing economic uncertainties that can cause the economy to fail in its aims are extremely important. Understanding the supply side causes of inflation and the possible negative effect of monetary policy to combat it should be realised. Therefore fiscal policy to increase investment in the agriculture and manufacturing industries is recommended to remove disparity and level the ‘two-speed’ economy. High levels of inflation and unemployment do not align to the Phillps principle of inflation (McTaggart, Findlay, and Parkin 2010) however at present there may be a need to absorb these pressures in the short term. To some degree the economy may be experiencing stagflation as it has a much higher potential GDP threshold. In conclusion, there are other factors such as corruption and economic management that if resolved could drastically reduce debt and disparity between all sectors of society. 5. References 2point6billion.com. 2011. India’s 12th Five Year Plan to Focus on ‘Inclusive Growth’. http://www.2point6billion.com/news/2011/04/25/indias-12th-five-year-plan-to-focus-on-inclusive-growth-9151.html (accessed 02/07/2011). AZAD India Foundation. 2010. Unemployment in India. http://azadindia.org/social-issues/Unemployment-in-India.html (accessed 10/04/2011). BBC. 2011. India wholesale inflation rate rises more than expected. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-13761784 (accessed 26/06/2011). CIA. 2010. India. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html (accessed 22/06/2011). FitzGerald, B. 2011. Two-speed economy killing industry, warns steel maker. http://www.theage.com.au/business/twospeed-economy-killing-industry-warns-steel-maker-20110221-1b2k1.html (accessed 29/06/2011). Hubbard, G., A. M. Garnett, P. Lewis, and A. P. OBrien. 2011. Essentials of economics. McTaggart, D., C. Findlay, and M. Parkin. 2010. Economics. 6 ed. 6 vols. Vol. 6. Misistry of Statistics and Progamme Implementation. 2011. National Accounts Statistics.

Wireless Area Networks Essay -- Technology Technological Essays

Wireless Area Networks Wireless technology has become an increasingly crucial part of today's world. From health care and retail to academia across the world, wireless systems are improving the rate and ease with which data is sent and received. Two specific examples of the wireless technology used today personally and professionally are local area networks (LAN) and personal area networks (PAN). A wireless local area network, or LAN is a flexible data communications system implemented as an augmentation to, or an alternative for a, wired local area network. These networks rely on electromagnetic airwaves to transmit and receive over a defined area, usually a few hundred feet. (Yahoo-wireless) In most cases, a wireless transmitter will be connected directly to a wired land network using Ethernet cables. Once the network feed has been connected to the transmitter, and a constant power supply is established, a steady stream of radio, or infrared waves with be produced (both are electromagnetic waves). The vast majority of wireless LAN systems tend to rely on radio waves as the carries for their signals, because infrared waves tend to have a shorter distance at which they are able to transmit, and are more easily interrupted. Radio waves, or radio carriers as they are referred to, transfer data through modulations of the carrier signal. The addition of d ata to a radio carrier causes the signal to occupy more than a single frequency. Once data is imprinted onto the radio signal it is a simple reversal of the transmitting process that allows the information to be decoded by a receiving station. (Rho Wireless) Radio waves offer another benefit to the wireless system in... ...ta instantaneous and without the hindrance of cables. Whether or not wireless systems are practical or necessary in a given situation is a matter of personal opinion. However, one cannot dispute the success these systems have had in numerous professional and personal areas and it is very likely that usage of LAN and PAN wireless systems will increase dramatically in the near future as technology continues to advance and evolve. Bibliography Rho Wireless. Wireless Local Area Networks. Oct. 20, 2003. Oct. 25, 2003. www.rhowireless.com/lans.htm Bluetooth Corporation. Bluetooth. 2003. Oct. 20, 2003. www.bluetooth.com Yahoo Wireless. Wireless LAN. 2003. Oct. 20, 2003. www.wireless-lan.com Home Networking Internet Sharing. Home help-802.11b. 2001. Oct. 22, 2003. www.homehelp.com/802.11b/index.asp Wireless Area Networks Essay -- Technology Technological Essays Wireless Area Networks Wireless technology has become an increasingly crucial part of today's world. From health care and retail to academia across the world, wireless systems are improving the rate and ease with which data is sent and received. Two specific examples of the wireless technology used today personally and professionally are local area networks (LAN) and personal area networks (PAN). A wireless local area network, or LAN is a flexible data communications system implemented as an augmentation to, or an alternative for a, wired local area network. These networks rely on electromagnetic airwaves to transmit and receive over a defined area, usually a few hundred feet. (Yahoo-wireless) In most cases, a wireless transmitter will be connected directly to a wired land network using Ethernet cables. Once the network feed has been connected to the transmitter, and a constant power supply is established, a steady stream of radio, or infrared waves with be produced (both are electromagnetic waves). The vast majority of wireless LAN systems tend to rely on radio waves as the carries for their signals, because infrared waves tend to have a shorter distance at which they are able to transmit, and are more easily interrupted. Radio waves, or radio carriers as they are referred to, transfer data through modulations of the carrier signal. The addition of d ata to a radio carrier causes the signal to occupy more than a single frequency. Once data is imprinted onto the radio signal it is a simple reversal of the transmitting process that allows the information to be decoded by a receiving station. (Rho Wireless) Radio waves offer another benefit to the wireless system in... ...ta instantaneous and without the hindrance of cables. Whether or not wireless systems are practical or necessary in a given situation is a matter of personal opinion. However, one cannot dispute the success these systems have had in numerous professional and personal areas and it is very likely that usage of LAN and PAN wireless systems will increase dramatically in the near future as technology continues to advance and evolve. Bibliography Rho Wireless. Wireless Local Area Networks. Oct. 20, 2003. Oct. 25, 2003. www.rhowireless.com/lans.htm Bluetooth Corporation. Bluetooth. 2003. Oct. 20, 2003. www.bluetooth.com Yahoo Wireless. Wireless LAN. 2003. Oct. 20, 2003. www.wireless-lan.com Home Networking Internet Sharing. Home help-802.11b. 2001. Oct. 22, 2003. www.homehelp.com/802.11b/index.asp

Make-believe plays

Make-believe plays are fundamental and vital elements in the overall development of the child. These are fantasy or imaginary plays in children usually between ages two and six, in which children practise their acquired knowledge of every day life and activities; they begin to play roles and mimic adult behavior as ways of thinking over what they have seen older people around them do. These plays contribute to the mental and emotional developments of children. Really all the developmental tendencies of the child are condensed in the plays. Make believe plays contribute to the formation of schemata; creating a mirror through which they see and interpret events and human interactions within the locality. In this way, the imaginative ability of this child is built. Apart from this, these fantasies plays help in their intellects and learning. Children who engage in them tend to envision imaginary things easier, they can create understanding pictures faster and their learning speed is faster. This is simply because these plays help develop their thinking and imaginary faculties, and learning is more pleasurable. Besides, role taking and sharing in these plays create a sense of belonging; this is the foundation for every human relationship. Although, they start first as solitary actor/actress, they soon realize the need to involve others. This helps them to understand the place of involving other people in their daily activities and achievements. This creates a connection between children. This way, a viable social life is incorporated to the growth process of the child, and this would continue into adulthood. Children use these means to try behaviors. They test what they have learnt and seen. This helps them master such and create a feeling of control over such. However, there are unfavorable concepts as death, fear, rejection, injury, incorporated into their plays, with a view to expressing such; thus, they develop significant control over these formidable threats.[Singer, 1996] Indeed, make-believe play is a creative way by which children develop their mental state, test their knowledge of life, try out behaviors and emotions, and engage in conversations with others. It is an essential part of their development. REFERENCES Singer, Dorothy, coauthor of The House of Make-Believe: Children's Play and the Developing Imagination   

How important is it for the organization Essay

Of many of the problems that the organizations face these days, one of the vital one is of employee dissatisfaction and lower motivation for work. Employees feel dejected and demotivated when their basic needs and requirements are not met; those needs might include hygiene and motivating factors that involve the presence or absence of working conditions, salary, empowerment or authority, job status, social relationships, etc. Organizations need to develop such a Human Resource department that effectively performs its activities by understanding the changing trends of the environment and so the employee needs and requirements. The decisive thing here in this case is that the HR department must scrutinize the productivity level, motivation, direction, attitude, and overall performance of the employees towards their assigned tasks and prosperity of the firm as a whole. HR managers emphasize on keeping the employees motivated, directed, and contented by adapting to several measures; some of which are explained as follows. First of all, the main responsibility of the Human Resource department is to hire or recruit the employees at their very best, who have best available skills and abilities that would result in the provision of value to the organization. The process of hiring and recruiting plays a vital role in determining an employee’s productivity and efficiency. Many organizations use references to hire the applicants, but the clear-cut method based on merit must be adopted. Taking written test, arranging group discussions, and conducting interviews with different managers help the Human Resource department to effectively analyze an applicant’s potential and skills whether he should be hired or not. Second, the managers must consider an employee as a person and treat him with due respect; offensive comments and remarks must not be passed out in order to avoid unwanted consequences. Mutual respect among the managers and employees must be maintained so that employees may feel that they are part of the organization. Third, many employees join the company with their basic motivation of salary; hence the salary package must be handsome enough to make the employee contented or even satisfied. Every human being has some needs as mentioned by Maslow in his pyramid of needs that starts with physiological needs, and then follows safety and security needs, then social and affection needs, esteem needs, and finally self-actualization. It should be understood at first hand by the managers or supervisors that employees are given enough time, resources, and opportunities to satisfy such basic needs such as, safety and security and physiological needs. Competitive benefits should be offered to the employees by analyzing the industry trends as in how much salary, benefits, or allowances are being paid by the competitors, and then the blend of competitive benefits should be offered. This may include providing compensation packages to the workers according to their job design; such as, low-level or assembly-line workers must be ensured enough security and medicinal allowances. Motivation can be categorized as the key to improved performance, and hence must be developed among the employees. This can be overcome by the managers by properly understanding their needs and wants and acting accordingly to fulfill them. Fourth, showing the chance of being promoted to the upper level definitely creates a sense of motivation among the workers. Often in many organizations, there comes the problem of glass ceiling where women and minorities are not give the chance to be promoted, hence this should not happen in order to keep the employees motivated. Fifth, Human Resource departments have a very significant responsibility of designing tasks, matching them with the employees, and assigning them. Employees, based on their skills and abilities, are assigned the tasks to work on and that suits them the most. Avoiding monotonous jobs and assigning them with interesting and innovating tasks develops interest in doing work and keeps the workers directed. Sixth, managers must create a sense of Task Identity and Task Significance among the employees that is to what extent their jobs are important for the company. Seventh, training is an essential process carried on by the organizations to keep their employees’ skills and capabilities inline with the changing environment. Several of training methods include hiring skilled expertise from various organizations or universities who train the employees for a limited period of time; moreover, organizations also send their employees abroad for training purposes as in to attend conferences or training sessions. Managers can arrange the workshops or lecture sessions within the organization for addressing the latest developments and challenges being occurred in the market or industry. Eighth, timely, accurate, and effective feedback must be provided by the managers to point out the strengths and weakness of the employees in their performance. And, involving the employees in the decision-making processes and empowering them by giving more authority to practice is also another wise strategy to motivate the employees. Often employees are not provided with accurate and corrective feedback such as; they are not pointed out their negatives just because of avoiding unwanted atmosphere or relationships. Therefore, many managers and supervisors prefer providing feedback that is usually positive even if the employee has some negative points about his work or attitude. Another issue is of providing of feedback from supervisors with whom the employee has good relationships or who favors the employee in each and every aspect of work life. This results in overvaluation of an employee, hence giving him points more than actually he deserves. Therefore, in order to have an effective feedback program, human resource departments must ensure that they adapt the 360 degree feedback method, which involves the provision of feedback from various sources such as, managers, directors, supervisors, colleagues, and peers. This method is very effective since it confirms different sorts of feedback provided by different sources. Consequently, to sum up the essay, we can say that the role of Human resource departments in almost every organization is like that of a brain in a human body. Since this is the era of globalization and immense competition, hence organizations are seeking to cut costs, save time, and be effective and efficient in carrying on their business activities. All the roles and responsibilities of the Human Resource department mentioned above do have significant importance because if they are performed effectively and wisely, they can result in saving huge amount of costs for the organization. Moreover, effective implementation of such measures and tactics can result in providing a company with great talent, expertise, working environment, high sales, high profits, high growth, good reputation, and most of all, efficiency.

Is High IQ a Guarantee of Academic Success

Is High IQ a Guarantee of Academic Success High IQ is not a guarantee of success but it is a predictor of academic success. The study shows that students with IQ score within the genius level are more adaptable, healthier, stronger, and academically successful but only a few were successful in life. Those with IQs beyond genius level are highly intelligent but socially inept, mentally unstable, and not prosperous. Hashtag: #MouseTrapSpellingBee What Is Really an IQ? IQ is â€Å"intelligence quotient†, the result of a psychological test where a score of 95- 100 is considered average or normal intelligence. Now, by common sense, a score much higher than an  average mark, say 140, is extraordinary intelligence, a genius while score way below 95 is stupid. THE BRIGHT SIDES OF ACADEMIC INTELLECTUALS WE CALL NERDS People often admire a person with above average IQ because they are more intelligent than others are. Study of people with high IQ scores suggests that they have a  better visual perception or the ability to see small things clearly by blocking out distraction. They are also more liberal, less likely to be criminal, conservative in their emotions, adaptable to change, and talk with clarity and precision. How IQ Test Works? Let us explore the rudiments of the IQ Test and find out if people with high IQ scores are better in some aspect. The reason for setting the average score to 100 is â€Å"standardization†. In practice, since IQ Test is often administered in a group, 100 is not necessarily the average but rather a level by which each person’s score will be compared to get the normal distribution in a particular representative sample. The IQ Test measures â€Å"Crystallized and Fluid intelligence†. The term â€Å"Crystallized† means cumulative knowledge and skills while â€Å"Fluid† means reasoning, problem-solving, and abstract appreciation skills. Is IQ Stable When Under Pressure? Therefore, other human qualities such as talent, curiosity, perseverance, and hard work have no value. Moreover, the oldest person in the representative sample will score higher as crystallized intelligence is cumulative or the sum of all knowledge and skills learned through the years. According to the psychologists, IQ scores are only indicators of problem solving and reasoning and therefore do not represent a person’s overall intelligence and success in later life. IQ score is dependent on the physical and psychological condition of the person being tested thus a sick or depressed person is likely to score lower. A person with high IQ taking a #MouseTrapSpellingBee will like falter due to pressure and anxiety over the painful penalty when he makes a spelling mistake. Moreover, a person with high IQ is likely to excel in some aspect of life and therefore not all including a successful life. High IQ and Academic Success What happens if a person has an IQ of 5000? Scores above 200 are an  incalculable genius or profoundly gifted. Therefore, a score of 5000 may be godly but no term is available. The question, however, is people scoring 140 (Genius) or above often succeeds in academics and more successful? High IQ is not a guarantee of success but it is a predictor of academic success. The study shows that students with IQ score within the genius level are more adaptable, healthier, stronger, and academically successful but only a few were successful in life. Those with IQs beyond genius level are highly intelligent but socially inept, mentally unstable, and not prosperous. It’s not a secret that a lot of well-known scientists, artists and politicians have a really high IQ level. They were and are still famous. But did they consider themselves successful in life? Nobody knows. What we do know is that these high IQ people had a real academic success. But is that all for academic success? Not at all! Psychologist Lewis Terman proved that high IQ level is not enough for academic success. Such personal traits as willpower, creativity, persistence, and emotional maturity are the ones which really play an important role in being successful! ACADEMIC INTELLECTUAL IN POLITICS Crystallized and Fluid intelligence are strong predictors of achievement but people with greater Fluid intelligence or reasoning, problem-solving, abstract comprehension has much better chance of academic success. Similarly, high IQ does not guarantee life success as this kind of achievement need more than knowledge and skills, reasoning, and others. It needs hard work, resilience, perseverance, talent, and emotional intelligence.

The Code of Justinian (Codex Justinianus)

The Code of Justinian (Codex Justinianus) The Code of Justinian (in Latin, Codex Justinianus) is a substantial collection of laws compiled under the sponsorship of Justinian I, ruler of the Byzantine Empire. Although the laws passed during Justinians reign would be included, the Codex was not a completely new legal code, but an aggregation of existing laws, portions of the historic opinions of great Roman legal experts, and an outline of law in general. Work began on the Code shortly after Justinian took the throne in 527. While much of it was completed by the mid-530s, because the Code included new laws, parts of it were regularly revised to include those new laws, up until 565. There were four books that comprised the Code: Codex Constitutionum, the Digesta, the Institutiones and the Novellae Constitutiones Post Codicem. The Codex Constitutionum The Codex Constitutionum was the first book to be compiled. In the first few months of Justinians reign, he appointed a commission of ten jurists to review all the laws, rulings and decrees issued by the emperors. They reconciled contradictions, weeded out obsolete laws, and adapted archaic laws to their contemporary circumstances. In 529 the results of their efforts were published in 10 volumes and disseminated throughout the empire. All imperial laws not contained in the Codex Constitutionum were repealed. In 534 a revised codex was issued that incorporated the legislation Justinian had passed in the first seven years of his reign. This Codex Repetitae Praelectionis was comprised of 12 volumes. The  Digesta The Digesta (also known as the Pandectae) was begun in 530 under the direction of Tribonian, an esteemed jurist appointed by the emperor. Tribonian created a commission of 16 attorneys who combed through the writings of every recognized legal expert in imperial history. They culled whatever they though was of legal value and selected one extract (and occasionally two) on each legal point. They then combined them into an immense collection of 50 volumes, subdivided into segments according to subject. The resulting work was published in 533. Any juridical statement that wasnt included in the Digesta was not considered binding, and in future it would no longer be a valid basis for legal citation. The  Institutiones When Tribonian (along with his commission) had finished the Digesta, he turned his attention to the Institutiones. Pulled together and published in about a year, the Institutiones was a basic textbook for beginning law students. It was based on earlier texts, including some by the great Roman jurist Gaius, and provided a general outline of legal institutions. The  Novellae Constitutiones Post Codicem After the revised Codex was published in 534, the last publication, the Novellae Constitutiones Post Codicem was issued. Known simply as the Novels in English, this publication was a collection of the new laws the emperor had issued himself. It was reissued regularly until Justinians death. With the exception of the Novels, which were almost all written in Greek, the Code of Justinian was published in Latin. The Novels also had Latin translations for the western provinces of the empire. The Code of Justinian would be highly influential through much of the Middle Ages, not only with the Emperors of Eastern Rome, but with the rest of Europe.   Resources and Further Reading Grapel, William.  The Institutes of Justinian: with the Novel as to Successions. Lawbook Exchange, Ltd., 2010.Mears, T. Lambert, et al.  Analysis of M. Ortolans Institutes of Justinian, Including the History and Generalization of Roman Law. Lawbook Exchange, 2008.

How Tesco dominates the Supermarket industry in the uk Research Proposal

How Tesco dominates the Supermarket industry in the uk - Research Proposal Example analysis of different studies related to the identified research statement that will facilitate the researcher in taking a stand after the research on the utilization of different approaches in the supermarket industry. Furthermore, the proposed research will endeavor to identify any drawbacks in the supermarket industry and Tesco’s competitors that result in inefficiencies and limit their domination against Tesco. Lastly, the proposed research expects to acquire understanding of possible prospects and future developments in Tesco, as well as the UK’s supermarket industry in a valuable manner. Tesco, established as a private company 90 years ago, is undoubtedly the most prominent and the leading food retailer of the United Kingdom today. Jack Cohen put the foundation of Tesco, by selling grocery surpluses from a booth in East End of London. The first product Jack sold was Tesco Tea, after which the company got its name, TESCO, TE from the initials of TE Stockwell, a tea-supplier from a tea-importing company, and Co from Cohen, Jack’s last name. (Tesco, 2009) Cohen moved on to open stalls in Tooting in 1930, then in Becontree and Edmonton in the year 1931 and went on further to establish Tesco Stores as a private limited company in 1932 with the underlying idea of â€Å"always keep your hand over the money and be ready to run† (Seth & Randall, pp.23-24, 2001). Later led by Ian MacLaurin, it became the second most reputed in the market of United Kingdom during the 1980s. Since onwards, many factors contributed and then there was no stopping and Tesco today has marked itself to be the number one retailer in the UK. Irrespective of the medium customers choose to shop at Tesco, be it online or in-store, they receive an equal treatment. The launch of Clubcard in 1995 with a data-mining partner Dunn Humby, led Tesco handle colossal customer data thus enhancing value to their customer base (Rogers, 2001). The theme of Clubcard for its launch was the world’s